Or:
New Acronyms and New Meanings: Making sense of all those letters.

On this page:
Initialisms | A selection of Internet Acronyms | New meanings for old words

Initialisms: Speeding up English

Initialisms are integral in speeding up language. They occur as letters or syllables strung together to mean a much longer series of words. The motives for these forms of abbreviations are usually either brevity or for the sake of euphemism. Often an initialism like "scuba," "MASH" or "AIDS" will save infinite amounts of time in spoken language. Euphemisms such as "VD" and "TP" avoid the aura of shame or embarrassment surrounding venereal disease or toilet paper when asking about or for such things.

Initialism are also good for speedy communication in the text-based world of the Internet. Both acronyms and alphabetisms are used by speed-typers, but there isn't necessarily as much of a difference between the two. From The Oxford English Dictionary, an acronym is:

"orig. U.S., A word formed from the initial letters of other words."
(The OED does not list an appropriate definition for alphabetism.)

Alphabetisms or Pseudo-acronyms?
Acronyms definitely exist on the Internet. They are used every day to make the already nearly-simultaneous electronic communication even faster. However, on a text-based system of communication, it is not necessary to actually pronounce the acronym, and in fact you never hear anyone actually use the common Internet acronyms in everyday spoken language. Therefore, the Internet acronyms need not conform to all the stipulations of acronyms in the spoken world.
From The Oxford English Dictionary:

"acronym: orig. U.S., A word formed from the initial letters of other words."
Logically, acronyms come to be to shorten the amount of time a person uses to express an idea. The OED cites "MASH" as an example of an acronym coined in 1954. "MASH" as a one-syllable word takes significantly less time to say than "Mobile Army Surgical Hospital" as a whopping ten-syllable phrase. When this idea of shortening phrases to the first letters of their constituent words is applied to textual communication, something different happens. Acronyms on the Internet need be spoken by the human mouth, therefore, they need not make sense as a word or even be able to be pronounced. The result of this lack of orality is an interesting phenomenon: the lexicon ends up with numerous very common pseudo-acronyms, chains of synecdochine letters forming an unspeakable and mysterious jumble.

Strictly speaking, most unpronounceable strings of letters found on the Internet are alphabetisms. An alphabetism is a an initialism pronounced with the names of the letters involved. However, how can we account for the fact that most of these initialisms are never pronounced? Reading an acronym, do people internalize each letter or do they internalize the string of letters as a whole word and associate it with the idea or action it represents? I will leave this actual experiment to someone else, but historically acronyms have shown a tendency to turn into words in an environment where they are spoken so I see no reason why alphabetisms couldn't or wouldn't do the same in a written environment.

There are natural acronyms, such as IMHO, but it is harder to determine a natural alphabetism because these initialisms are so rarely spoken. However, there are what I will call phonetic alphabetisms. These are initialisms in which each letter does not necessarily stand for the first letter of each word in the phrase but instead, when each letter is pronounced as if it were an alphabetism, is a homonym for the phrase it represents. Examples of phonetic alphabetisms are BCNU and CUL8R Therefore, B=be C=see N='in U=you, to create: "Be seein you" and L8R=l+eight+r to make "See you later."

Some of the acronyms used on the Internet originate outside the electronic world. TTFN, for example, comes to the Internet from A. A. Milne's timeless character Tigger. FYI is an import from the news and information industry. Initialisms of all types help speed up the typing process. In a medium where acronyms don't need to be pronounced, more and more are formed or invented and even new forms of initialisms are created. From even a purely mathematical stand, 4 letters is much faster to type than 10.

It is not surprising that in a general poll of a small number of Dartmouth students, 38% reported the use of initialisms. Dartmouth has it's own set of initialism like "HTH" for Home Town Honey, so the framework is already in place to receive new acronyms from outside sources. However, even then the initialisms do not seem to stray immensely into the spoken language. Instead, they sit sedately in our Blitzmail accounts.

An Acronym List A few examples to make life interesting.

BTW: By The Way
IMHO: In My Humble/Honest Opinion
IMNSHO : In My Not So Humble Opinion
BRB: Be Right Back (as in "I'll be right back")
LOL: Laughing Out Loud
ROTFL: Rolling on The Floor Laughing
gd&r: Grin, Duck and Run
YMMV: Your Mileage May Vary
BOL : Burst Out Laughing
IYD : In Your Dreams
FWIW : For What It's Worth
FYI : For Your Information
RTFM : Read The Funny/Fucking Manual
TNSTAAFL : There's No Such Thing As A Free Lunch
TTFN : Ta Ta For Now
TTYL : Talk To You Later
BCNU : Be seeing (C+N) You (U)
CUL8R : See (C) You (U) Later (L+eight+R)
FAQ : Frequently Asked Questions
GTH : Go To Hell
RL : Real Life (also known as "that big room with the ceiling that is sometimes blue and sometimes black with little lights")

New meanings for Old Words : Functional Shifts

"To be sure I was!" Humpty Dumpty said gaily, as she turned it round for him. "I thought it looked a little queer. As I was saying, that seems to be done right -- though I haven't time to look it over thoroughly just now -- and that shows that there are three hundred and sixty-four days when you might get un-birthday presents -- "
"Certainly," said Alice.
"And only one for birthday presents, you know. There's glory for you!"
"I don't know what you mean by "glory,"" Alice said.
Humpty Dumpty smiled contemptuously. "Of course you don't -- till I tell you. I meant "there's a nice knock-down argument for you!""
"But "glory" doesn't mean "a nice knock-down argument,"" Alice objected.
"When I use a word," Humpty Dumpty said in rather a scornful tone, "it means just what I choose it to mean -- neither more nor less."
"The question is," said Alice, "whether you can make words mean so many different things."
"The question is," said Humpty Dumpty, "which is to be master - - that's all."
Alice was too much puzzled to say anything, so after a minute Humpty Dumpty began again. "They've a temper, some of them -- particularly verbs, they're the proudest -- adjectives you can do anything with, but not verbs -- however, I can manage the whole of them! Impenetrability! That's what I say!"
"Would you tell me, please," said Alice "what that means?" "Now you talk like a reasonable child," said Humpty Dumpty, looking very much pleased. "I meant by "impenetrability" that we've had enough of that subject, and it would be just as well if you'd mention what you mean to do next, as I suppose you don't mean to stop here all the rest of your life."
"That's a great deal to make one word mean," Alice said in a thoughtful tone.
Through the Looking Glass

Who is in control of what the words mean? The people who use those words every day. If a word is used in a new way and enough people continue to use it to mean that particular thing, then a new meaning will be added to its definition.

As English speakers find new and interesting ways to use their language, the meanings of words evolve and change over time. These changes are called functional shifts. On the Internet and at Dartmouth, electronic communication has drastically affected our vocabulary and connotations of many common words. "Blitz" comes immediately to mind as the word most altered by this process in the Dartmouth environs. "Sending a blitz" is not equivalent to ordering a military attack at Dartmouth. Instead, it is a very common way of saying "sending an e-mail message." The word "blitz" and derivatives thereof can be used as almost any part of speech when used in reference to the Dartmouth e-mail system. To blitz as a verb "to send electronic mail", blitzable as an adjective "available on the electronic mail system and receiving mail", and blitz as a noun with multiple meanings: "an electronic mail message," "the electronic mail system," "an account on the electronic mail system known as Blitzmail." Of course, the blitz-phenomenon is derived entirely from Blitzmail, the name of the program which most people at Dartmouth use as an electronic mail interface. For more examples of "blitz," see the Dartmouth Page.

Other, more generic and diffuse words have undergone functional shifts on the Internet. The following is a small list of new meanings for common words.
Chat
Chat has become a broader idea in the context of the Internet. Chat generally describes some kind of simultaneous conversation, in text, over the Internet. Comments are exchanged in real time which produces a textual imitation of oral exchanges. Chat-rooms, for examples, are places where many people can carry on such simultaneous communication at once.
Flame:
A flame is a verbal attack in the form of electronic text. Usually you flame someone or you are flamed in response to a pointless message or to a mass-mailing or posting. Other reasons you could be flamed are: always using upper-case for an entire message, expressing a point of view blatantly and extremely contrary to the point of view of the group involved in the conversation, just being rude in general.
Lag:
Dead time while you wait for the network to catch up to you. (1) In the case of e-mail, the time it takes between the sender's command to send the message and the moment it shows up in the recipient's in box. Obviously, we don't see much of this kind of lag with Blitzmail, but mail from other schools or commercial internet providers will sometimes take anywhere from 5 minutes to 5 hours to get through. (2) In the case of simultaneous communication over the Internet, as in conversations on a MUD, Unix-talk or X-talk, lag is the time one must wait for a response to a question or comment while the network tries to catch up with your conversation.
Post
The new twist on this word is the meaning, "an article or message sent to a newsgroup." If someone is said to post to newsgroups regularly that is to say that they compose and send a lot of messages to Internet forums.
Real Time
Simultaneous time, implying that when one party types a comment there is no time delay between the time the party sends it to the network and the time when the other party can see it on the screen.
Talk
"Let's talk" in an electronic mail message can also mean, "let's log onto our other accounts and chat." Talk is a term used for simultaneous textual communication, specifically on UNIX-based systems like coos.
Thread:
In personal or group exchanges of e-mail, the common topic and/or subject line is referred to as the thread of the conversation. Often, thread refers to the messages of the conversation itself. For example, if someone sent you mail with the subject "tristan and Arthur," you reply, placing "Re: Tristan and Arthur" in your subject line. As the conversation continues, the messages become linked by the common topic of Tristan and Arthur. You can follow a particular thread in your mail box or a news group, reading all the messages in that thread together.

"You seem very clever at explaining words, Sir," said Alice.

| TOC | Intro | Tone | Dartmouth | Grammar | Emotives | Acronyms | Quotes | Conclusion | Contributors | Bibliography |

Last modified by Carla C. Emmons 10 March 1996.